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Author : Ryan F. Author : George F. Sites could only be categorised within one category, but studies do contain sites that span multiple categories. As sampling effort also impacts diversity measurements 32 , the sampling effort at each site was recorded.

Effort was recorded in two ways:. The area that was sampled, e. This depended on how the data were presented. The number of times a site was sampled, either temporally or spatially. If a site was sampled over multiple time periods, it would be the number of occasions the site was sampled. If the site had multiple samples e. If the diversity is a total measure e. When datasets contained information at a higher resolution than total abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site i.

Each row contained a measurement of an observation e. The measurement could be the presence only, abundance, or fresh biomass of the record. Where possible, for each row we also included the life stage adult or juvenile , whether the species was native to the location or not, and the ecological group epigeic, endogeic, anecic, epi-endogeic. Thus, if the diversity measure was for all the juveniles at the site regardless of species, columns such as the species binomial and genus would be empty, but life stage completed.

Where site-level diversity measures were given by the data provider, these were entered into the site-level sheet. Where site-level diversity measures were not given, but could be calculated from the species occurrence information, that was done in R 33 , following data entry and prior to subsequent analyses. The species present at each site, as given in the species occurrence data, were used for calculating species richness, this included species identified as sub-species.

If data collectors identified a specimen as a morphospecies i. As juveniles of many earthworm species are hard to identify to species level 29 , 34 , juveniles were excluded from the calculation even identified at family level. All earthworms including juveniles found at a site were included in the total biomass and abundance calculations. The number of a studies and b sites that measured each of the three community metrics. The points at the vertices indicate the number of studies or sites with only one community metric.

The points on the edges indicates the number of studies or sites with the community metrics represented at the connecting two vertices. Finally, the point in the centre indicates the number of studies or sites with all three community metrics.

For example, in a , studies measured biomass, shown in the blue polygon. As with the site-level metrics, the species richness within each ecological group was calculated using only species with binomials or morphospecies. Biomass and abundance of each ecological group at a site was calculated regardless of species identity.

Dataset ID: 19 in a static form. In addition, the full dataset will be hosted by Edaphobase www. In the future, the version in Edaphobase might change i. The data is stored in three tables; meta-data Online-only Table 1 , site-level Online-only Table 2 , and species occurrence Online-only Table 3.

For all suitable datasets, the meta-data information was completed. The meta-data contains bibliographic information on the original paper which analysed, or published, the data, as well as contact information of the person who provided the raw data not included in the release of the database for privacy reasons. The meta-data also included the number of sites and studies within the file, so that validation checks could be completed.

Online-only Table 1 shows all fields within the meta-data, personal information of data providers has not been made available. Information on all sampled sites within each dataset was recorded in the site-level table Online-only Table 2.

Each row represents a single site within a study, with information on the sampling methodology, soil properties, and how the land was used, managed, and covered. The site-level earthworm community metrics species richness, abundance and biomass are also included if available.

Each row is a measurement of an observation at a site 22, non-zero observations in total. An observation could relate to a species with a scientific binomial, e.

Templates used to enter the individual datasets were designed so that fields were only allowed certain values and formats where possible. This helped to reduce spelling errors, slight inconsistencies, and incorrect values being entered. Data providers were contacted if details within their raw data were unclear. As multiple people entered data into the templates, detailed documentation was created at the start of the project to ensure consistency amongst those involved.

In addition, a subset of datasets was checked by several curators. Where ecological groupings were missing, the earthworm taxonomists also added them where possible, based on the available literature.

Land-use fields were based on classification schemes, and may not be the most suitable for the analysis of earthworms. As diversity measures are highly influenced by sampling methodology, we included information on sampling methods in the database Fig. In addition, we would expect that variation in diversity would differ between the individual datasets due to, for example, inter-observer variability. We highly recommend that statistical methods used on this database take these between-dataset variations into account.

Despite our efforts to obtain a global dataset, there is a geographic bias Fig. To reduce such biases, we attempted to contact as many researchers as possible in such areas to acquire data. Although this helped to improve the data coverage, it did not remove the gaps.

We hope to address these gaps in the future, but in the meantime, researchers should be aware of the influence these biases might have on their analyses 35 , All code used to format and clean the dataset for publication is available on GitHub www.

Giller, P. Article Google Scholar. The values of soil animals for conservation biology. Soil Biol. Bardgett, R. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Phillips, H. Red list of a black box. Orgiazzi, A. Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas. European Commissio n, Publications Dornelas, M.

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